Colorants, Pigments and Dyes Specifications

Colorant


	Colorant
	Your choices are...
	Acid Dyes		Acid dyes are anionic colorants that are characterized by substantiality for protein and polyamid fibers. Typically, they are applied from an acidic or neutral dye bath.
	Aniline Dyes		Aniline (CAS #62-53-3) is a colorless to brown oily liquid with an aromatic, pungent odor. It is used in the manufacturing of resins, varnishes, perfumes, printing inks, cloth marking inks, paint removers, photographic chemicals, explosives, herbicides, fungicides, rigid polyurethanes, optical whitening agents, and shoe blacks. It is used as a solvent, and as a chemical intermediate for rubber processing, accelerators, corrosion inhibitors, dyes and pigments, specialty resins, cyclohexylamine, hydroquinine, pesticides such as alachlor, pharmaceuticals such as sulfonamides, 4-anilinophenol, and methylenediisocyanate.
	Azo Dyes		Azo dyes are the largest group of dyes, with –N=N– as a chromophore, in aromatic systems. Depending on the number of azo groups present, products are called monazo, disazo, trisazo, tetrakisazo and polyazo dyes. Diazotisation of a primary amine in the presence of HCl + NaNo2 at a freezing temperature produces a diazonium salt which, in turn, is coupled with aromatic compounds to produce an azo dye. There are over one thousand types of azo dyes. These products represent the most important commercial class of synthetic coloring compounds. They have a variety of applications and include lake dyes.
	Anthraquinone Dyes		The basic unit for this class of products is anthraquinone. Anthraquinone is faint yellow in color, sufficient for use as a dye, but cannot be classified as a dye. The introduction of hydroxyl and amino groups provides a wide range of colors. Dyes containing an anthraquinone unit belong to mordant, disperse and vat dyes. The quinonoid system acts as a chromophore. Anthraquinone dyes have excellent fastness properties.
	Direct / Substantive Dyes		Direct or substantive dyes are anionic dyes with substantivity for cellulosic fibers. Normally, they are applied from an aqueous dye bath that contains an electrolyte.
	Disperse Dyes		Disperse dyes are generally used to dye cellulose acetate, nylon and other hydrophobic fibers. They are also known as acetate dyes. Sulphoricin oleic acid (SAR) is used as the dispersing agent. Dispersal and cellitoin are the important dispersing agents.
	Laser Dyes		Laser dyes are a lasing medium composed of complex fluorescent organic dyes dissolved in organic solvents.
	Reactive Dyes		There are three main types of reactive dyes: procion dyes, remazol (sulphone dyes), and disperse dyes.
	Solvent Dyes		Solvent dyes provide color by dissolving in the target material, which is invariably a lipid or non-polar solvent.
	Sulfur Dyes		Water-insoluble dyes contain sulfur both as an integral part of the chromophore and in attached polysulfide chains. They are normally applied in an alkaline-soluble reduced form, from a sodium sulfide solution, and subsequently oxidized to the insoluble form in the fiber.
	Other Dyes		Other unlisted dye types.
	Barium Metaborate		Borates have water solubility greater than 0.2% and should be carefully formulated to avoid stability problems.
	Barium Sulphate		Barium sulfate is a white, soluble, heavy compound obtained either from the natural mineral barytes, or by chemical treatment of barium and sulfuric acid. It is highly transparent, which improves printability. It is also used to form the pigment lithopone, which is also known as "blanc fixe".
	Raw Sienna		Raw siennas are unique shades of natural yellow with a brownish undertone.
	Burnt Sienna		Burnt siennas are brownish shades with good transparency and heat stability characteristics. They are used extensively in producing mahogany, cherry, and rosewood colored stains. They are also used by the art material industry to produce flesh tones when combined with titanium dioxide white.
	Raw Umber		Raw umbers are an excellent value in brown pigments and popular in the stain industry due to their transparency. Though they are not heat-stable, raw umbers can be used to produce many warm gray tones. They are also used extensively by colorant houses to darken a color without seriously affecting its chromaticity.
	Burnt Umber		Burnt umber is a calcimined version of raw umber, which changes its ability to absorb light. This process leads to its redder-orange color. Burnt umber tints white to light beige and tans, and is universally accepted as a pigment for brown oil stains.
	Carbon Black		Carbon black is a black, amorphous, carbon pigment produced by the thermal decomposition of natural hydrocarbons. There are three different types: furnace, channel, and lamp black.
	Chromium Oxide		Chromium oxide is a compound of chromium and oxygen. It is often used in alloys.
	Fluorescent		Pigment that absorbs light at one wavelength and responds by emitting light at another wavelength; the emitted light is of longer wavelength (and hence of lower energy) than the light absorbed.
	Inorganic		Inorganic pigments are useful mainly where high opacity is needed. Inorganic pigments do not contain carbon.
	Iron Oxide		Iron oxide is available as a natural or synthetic product. In terms of tonnage, ochre is the major iron oxide. Tuscan red and yellow ocher are popular iron oxides.
	Lead Carbonate		Lead white, white lead, flake white, and Cremnintz white are names given to synthetic lead carbonate pigment.
	Natural		Natural dyes and pigments are refined from native ores and earths by physical and chemical treatments, which convert these crude coloring matters into improved pigments with the desirable color and pigment properties.
	Phosphorescent		Photoluminescence occurs naturally in many minerals and metallic compounds, in some types of organic compounds, and in some living organisms such as marine fauna and fireflies. Phosphorescence is distinguished from fluorescence in two ways: There is a longer time period between excitation and the emission of light, ranging from one-thousandth of a second to several hours, whereas fluorescence occurs almost instantaneously, and Phosphorescence may continue for some hours after the excitation source has been removed. The length of emanation depends on the substance, whereas fluorescence ceases when the source is cut off. Thus, phosphorescent materials glow in darkness, but fluorescent materials do not.
	Organic		Organic pigments refer to a wide range of chemical families and covers a wide spectrum of properties. They are used mainly for applications requiring high tinting strength and brilliant shades. Organic pigments contain carbon.
	Strontium Chromate		Strontium chromate is also known as chromic acid strontium salt, C.I. pigment yellow 32, strontium yellow, deep lemon yellow, strontium dichromate, and strontium chromate (VI).
	Synthetic		Chemical reactions and processes make synthetics from raw materials, which are not in themselves pigments.
	Titanium Dioxide		Titanium dioxide is the white pigment in virtually all white paints. It is also the prime hiding pigment in most paints. Another name for titanium dioxide is anatase titanium.
	Zinc Oxide		Zinc oxide is a fine, white, insoluble powder, prepared by the oxidation of pure zinc or by roasting zinc ore. It is used for a variety of purposes; however, the most important is as a paint pigment called zinc white.
	Zinc Phosphate		Zinc phosphate is a valuable corrosion-resistant pigment that is used extensively in developed countries. This pigment is essentially zinc phosphate dihydrate and corresponds to the formula Zn₃ (PO₄)₂. 2H₂O. It is a white, non-toxic pigment prepared by precipitation.
	Zinc Sulfide		Zinc sulfide (ZnS) occurs naturally as a "blend" and is prepared directly from the elements and precipitation of a zinc salt solution with ammonium sulfide. It is produced at a relatively low cost, so many of its applications are as a substitute for other materials. ZnS is a gray or off-white powder that is insoluble in water, but soluble in acid.
	Other		Other unlisted or proprietary pigments.
	Search Logic:		All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.

Physical Specifications


	Particle Size		The size of the dye or pigment particle.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Solvent-based		Colorants are solvent-based. They primarily contain volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) as the carrier.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Surface Area		The smaller the particle, the larger the surface area per gram (g) of pigment. Surface area reflects the light and determines what is seen. The greater the surface area, the strong the color.
	Search Logic:		All matching products will have a value greater than or equal to the specified value.

	Oil Absorption		As the size of pigment particles gets smaller, the surface area becomes larger. As a result, the paint needs larger amounts of binder to wet each of the pigment particles. The amount of oil that is required to make paint with a pigment is called oil absorption. The oil absorption of a pigment is dependent on the size of the particle as well as the various physical and chemical properties of the pigment, and also the binder.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	pH		The potential hydrogen (pH) of the colorant.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Maximum Wavelength		The maximum wavelength that dyes can excite / absorb.
	Search Logic:		All matching products will have a value greater than or equal to the specified value.

Application


	Application
	Your choices are...
	Adhesives		The colorant is used to impart color to adhesives.
	Art Materials		The colorant is used to impart color to art materials, for example, crayons.
	Ceramics		The colorant is used to impart color to ceramics.
	Concrete		The colorant is used to impart color to concrete.
	Cosmetics / Soap		The colorant is used to impart color to cosmetics and soap products.
	Fibers and Textiles		The colorant is used to impart color to fibers and textiles.
	Food and Beverages		These pigments include products meant to go directly into foods and beverages, as well as those for the packaging that comes into contact with those items.
	Glass		The colorant is used to impart color to glass.
	Grease / Lubricant		The colorant is used to impart color to greases and lubricants.
	Inks		The colorant is used to impart color to ink.
	Leather, Fur, Feathers		The colorant is used to impart color to leather, fur, and feathers.
	Medical / Biomedical		The colorant is designed for medical or biomedical applications such as tissue staining.
	Paints and Coatings		The colorant is used to impart color to paints and other coatings.
	Paper / Paperboard		The colorant is used to impart color to paper and paper products.
	Photography		The colorant is used to impart color to photographic materials.
	Plastics and Polymers		The colorant is used to impart color to plastics and other polymers.
	Rubber		The colorant is used to impart color to rubber.
	Wax / Candle		The colorant is used to impart color to waxes and candles.
	Wood		The colorant is used to impart color to wood and wood products.
	Other		Other unlisted application types.
	Search Logic:		All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.

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