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Type:
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Your choices are...
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Aggregate (Grog / Powder)
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Clinker, refractory aggregate, or grog are coarse granules with high refractoriness that are bonded together to form a refractory product or cement. Grog is fired clay or ceramic that has been crushed. Clinker is a fused mineral or mineral mixture, such as alumina or bauxite and lime, which is crushed into a powder to manufacture cements. Aggregates are materials that are added to mortar, grout or cement at time of mixing to impart special properties such as refractoriness, erosion resistance or oxidation resistance. Synthetic aggregates are fused mineral or mineral mixtures crushed to a coarse granular size range rather than a fine powdered clinker. Mineral aggregates consist of mined and crushed rock, stone or sand. Mineral aggregate usually requires thermal processing (calcining, roasting, burning or fusing) to achieve the desired refractory properties. Refractory aggregates are also used to build up a shell in the investment casting process or poured into a wall to provide insulation.
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Castable
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Refractory cement or product that can be poured into a form or cavity to fabricate a refractory liner or component. Some castables may not be pumpable.
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Coating
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Stock product available as a coating, sealant or in a form that can be brushed or sprayed onto a surface such as a furnace wall, mold or gas turbine blades. Surfaces may be constructed of ceramic, metal or polymer or other materials.
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Dry Vibratable
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Dry refractories are supplied as a dry powder that is applied and fired in place. Silicate, phosphate or other binders are activated upon firing. The dry refractory powders or aggregates are tamped or rammed into the floor or vibrated into place between the furnace wall and a removable furnace "former." On smaller furnaces, a formerless method is used where a unit is filled with dry refractory powder, fired and then the excess unfired refractory is removed for reuse. Some dry refractories are also called dry rams or dry ramming cements.
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Granular Fill / Bed Media
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A granular fill is loose insulating material such as vermiculite that is loaded into a cavity to provide insulation and remains in a loose, unbonded condition. Bed media is a loose granular ceramic used in a catalytic oxidizer, fluid bed heater or other thermal process unit to hold, filter or carry chemicals or particles during the heating or burning operation. Ceramic bed media and granular fill typically have a high degree of porosity.
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Gunning Cement
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Gunning mixes are refractory cements or powdered products that are loaded with a gun into a form or onto a furnace wall to fashion an insulating layer. Dry or wet gunning mixes are available.
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Investment / Mold Refractory
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Investment may consist of a refractory powder with plaster or phosphate binder that is cast around a lost wax pattern. Investment may also consist of a ceramic slurry and powder that are coated onto a hanging lost wax, plastic or foam pattern. Permanent molds are made from refractory, ceramic or ceramic coated metal molds. Plastic refractory cement made be rammed around a reusable pattern to form a permanent ceramic mold. Refractory aggregates are also used to build up a shell in the investment casting process.
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Potting / Encapsulant
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Ceramic potting compounds usually consist of a mixture of a binder and a ceramic filler or aggregate used to electrically insulate conductors, resistance heating elements for use under elevated temperature conditions where a polymer potting compound would burn up or degrade. The fillers and binders must have low resistivity and high dielectric strength.
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Ram - Wet
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Wet rams are refractory cements with enough plasticity to allow the wet mix to be rammed or formed into place in a furnace or in a form. Ramming material has a clay to putty like consistency. Rams generally have a lower water content and less plasticity than moldables. Both dry rams (vibratables) and wet mix rams are available.
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Refractory Mortar
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Refractory mortars usually consist of a mixture of a binder or clinker and a fine aggregate used to bond together brick and join components for use in high temperature applications. Clinker is a fused mineral or mineral mixture, such as alumina or bauxite and lime, which is crushed into a fine powder to manufacture cements. Aggregates are coarser granular materials that are added to mortar, grout or cement at time of mixing to impart special properties such as refractoriness, erosion resistance or oxidation resistance. Synthetic aggregates are fused mineral or mineral mixtures crushed to a coarse granular size range rather than a fine powdered clinker.
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Rigidizer
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Rigidizers are used to stiffen fibrous refractory products such as tapes, papers, fabrics or wraps. Rigidizers are liquid coatings consisting of a fine refractory powder dispersed in a liquid binder.
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Other
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Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary refractory cement or monolithic refractory product.
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Search Logic:
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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Material Type:
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Your choices are...
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Alumina
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Alumina or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is a compound of aluminum metal and oxygen usually used in the alpha alumina structural form. In its pure form alumina is a white, high hardness ceramic. Fully dense alumina can be translucent. Alumina has found wide application due to its versatility and a relatively low raw material cost. Depending on the purity and density, alumina is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, dielectric substrates, wear components, refractory cements and abrasives. Alumina's main drawback is its relatively poor thermal shock resistance due its higher coefficients of thermal expansion and lower thermal conductivity compared to other pure ceramic materials such as SiC.
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Alumina-Zirconia
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Zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) and other zirconia-alumina ceramics are often used in wear applications as an intermediate solution between alumina and zirconia. ZTA offers increased fracture toughness over alumina at a lower cost compared to pure or high zirconia ceramics. Depending on the purity and density alumina is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, wear components, refractory cements and abrasives.
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Aluminum Silicate / Sillimanite
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Sillimanite, fibrolite, aluminum silicate (Al2SiO5) is a compound of silicon, aluminum and oxygen. Sillimanite is also a naturally occurring mineral. Sillimanite is calcined to produce
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Calcium Aluminate
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Calcium aluminate (CaAlO3) refractories are usually derived from calcium aluminate, calcium or alumina bearing minerals. Calcium aluminate is used in refractory cements and shapes as well as synthetic slag additions for metallurgical operations.
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Calcium Silicate
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Calcium silicate (CaSio3) refractories are usually derived from calcium silicate, calcium or silicate bearing minerals such hornblende, epidote, and diopside, often with calcite or dolomite or wollastonite. Wollastonite is a naturally occurring form of calcium silicate commonly used as a filler. Portland cements are also based on calcium silicate.
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Carbon / Graphite
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Carbon (C) is a non-metallic element with an extremely high sublimation temperature and a wide variety of crystalline structure forms (polymorphism). Carbon is available as amorphous / vitreous carbon, pyrolytic graphite, hexagonal graphite, diamond or diamond-like carbon. Carbon without a protective coating must be used in reducing or vacuum atmospheres to prevent oxidation at elevated temperatures. Depending on the purity, density and crystal structure carbon is used for refractory linings, industrial crucibles, arc furnace electrodes, analytical labware, composites, refractory cements and superabrasives.
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Chromia / Chromite
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Chromia ceramics or refractories are based on compounds chromium and oxygen.
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Dolomite (MgO-CaO)
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Dolomite refractories are based on calcium magnesium oxide or calcium magnesium carbonate minerals.
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Kaolin / Fireclay Based
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Kaolin based refractories or ceramics are using natural kaolin or a mixture or clay and other ceramics such as alumina, calcium aluminate or silicon carbide. Kaolin acts as a binder and provides plasticity. Kaolin is a hydrous aluminum silicate [Al2(Si205)(0H)4] based mineral clay. Kaolin is also referred to as clay, anhydrous aluminum silicate, aluminum silicate dihydrate, nacrite, dickite, kaolinite, calcined, kaolinite; china clay, bolus alba, porcelain clay, aluminum, silicate hydroxide, or aluminum silicate (hydrated). The plate-like structure allows particles in a wet clay mass to slide across each other and maintain plasticity. Kaolin is a white soft plastic clay composed primarily of well-ordered kaolinite mineral [Al2Si2O5(OH)4] with minor amounts of quartz, feldspar, and sheet silicate minerals (mica, illite, smectite, and chlorite). Geologically, there are two types of kaolin deposits, i.e., primary and secondary kaolin. Primary kaolin is formed through the alteration, or kaolinization, of in-situ minerals of feldspar and other aluminum silicates to kaolinite. Secondary kaolin is laid down as sediments, usually in fresh water, far from the place of origin. Various types of secondary kaolin are ball clay, fireclay, or flint clay depending on kaolinite content and their properties.
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Magnesia / Magnesite
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Magnesia ceramics or refractories are based on compounds magnesium and oxygen. Magnesite or magnesia refractories or minerals are also known as magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, deadburned magnesite, calcined magnesite, periclase or magnesia clinker. Depending on the origin and processing, magnesia is divided into caustic, dead-burnt, fused, precipitated, sintered or calcined and synthetic magnesia forms. The high melting point (2800°C) and the heat resistance (1700°C in the reducing and 2300 °C in oxidizing atmosphere) of magnesium oxide make it suitable for the production of refractories. Magnesite is the naturally occurring mineral or ore used to produce magnesium oxide based refractories. Magnesite often contains iron, manganese or other activator elements. Magnesium oxide with a carbon bond are used in the steel industry. Magnesite refractories have good resistance to molten iron and steel.
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Magnesium Silicate / Forsterite
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Forsterite is a stoichiometric magnesium orthosilicate (Mg2SiO4) utilized for applications requiring a high coefficient of thermal expansion. Forsterite has desirable electrical insulation properties and it is used as a layer on transformer steel sheets. The layer is formed by the reaction of magnesium oxide with the silicon additions of the steel during annealing. Forsterite is also used in bulk form to fabricate insulators.
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Mullite
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Mullite (3Al2O3-2Si02 or Al6Si2O13) is a compound of aluminum, silicon and oxygen. Mullite can also be viewed as a phase in the alumina-silica binary system. Mullite is a synthetic, fused or calcined crystalline aluminum silicate produced in electric arc furnaces from alumina and silica. Mullite usually has an off-white or tan color. Depending on the purity and density, mullite can have superior dielectric and thermal shock properties and resistance to slag & silicate refractory bonds. Mullite is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, dielectric substrates, wear components and in refractory cements. Refractory grade mullite or alumina-mullite mixtures are often derived by calcining Kyanite minerals.
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Porcelain
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Porcelain materials are used for both useful industrial and ornamental applications. Traditional porcelain is made from a mixture of feldspar, clay (koalin) and flint. Steatite or cordierite porcelains are commonly used in electrical insulator applications. Many porcelain compositions are based on the K20-Al203-SiO2 or Mg0-Al203-SiO2 ternary systems. The term "Porcelain' comes from the Italian "porcell" which means "little pig", a name given to a smooth, white cowrie shell.
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Silicon Carbide
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Silicon carbide (SiC) is a compound of silicon metalloid and oxygen usually used in the alpha silicon carbide structural form. SiC is a black, high hardness ceramic that usually is harder than alumina. Depending on the impurity additions, silicon carbide is green or black in color. Fully dense silicon carbide can be transparent (Moissanite). Silicon carbide has found wide application due to its versatility and a relatively low raw material cost. Depending on the purity and density SiC is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, wafer semi-insulating substrates, wear components, refractory cements and abrasives. Alumina's main drawback is its relatively poor thermal shock resistance compared to materials with lower coefficients of thermal expansion. SiC forms a protective SiO2 skin that to prevents further oxidation at very high temperatures in non-reducing atmospheres. Silicon carbide has relatively high thermal shock resistance compared to other ceramic materials due its low coefficient of thermal expansion combined with high thermal conductivity.
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Silica / Fused Silica
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Fused silica is a compound of silicon and oxygen. High purity amorphous fused silica is a high performance ceramic with very low expansion, remarkable thermal shock resistance, low thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation up to 1000°C and excellent resistance to corrosion from molten metal and glass.
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Spinel
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Spinel ferrites typically have general formula of AB2O4 where A is a divalent ion and B is trivalent ion such as magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4). Spinel has a cubic like structure where oxygen ions are in a close packed structure with Mg and Al in some of interstitial sites.
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Titania / Titanate
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Titania or rutile minerals (TiO2) are compounds consisting of titanium and oxygen. Titanates are compounds consisting of titanium, an additional cation (Ba, Al, Sr) and oxygen such as BaTiO3. Titania and titanates are usually used as additions to other refractories or for their specialized electrical or piezoelectric properties.
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Yttria
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Yttria or yttrium oxide (Y2O3) has an extremely high free energy of formation, which makes the oxide very stable and resistant to reaction with reactive molten metals.
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Zircon
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Zircon is a compound of a zirconium silicate, ZrSiO4, which is found in nature in the form of zircon sand. Zircon has useful refractory properties.
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Zirconia
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Zirconia or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is an extremely refractory compound of zirconium and oxygen. Zirconia may have additions of calcia, magnesia or yttria to stabilize the structure into a cubic structure. Zirconia stabilized in the cubic crystal structure avoids cracking and mechanical weakening during heating and cooling. Certain zirconia materials have the ability to transformation toughen (tetragonal to monoclinic phase change) under applied stress and it is frequently used in wear applications requiring improved fracture toughness and stiffness over alumina. Zirconia ceramics possess excellent chemical inertness and corrosion resistance at temperatures well above the melting point of alumina. Zirconia is more costly than alumina, so it is only where alumina will fail. Zirconia has low thermal conductivity and it is an electrical conductor above 800°C. Zirconia is used to fabricate oxygen sensors or fuel cell membranes because zirconia possesses the unique ability to allow oxygen ions to move freely through the crystal structure above 600°C. Zirconia products should not be used in contact with alumina above 1600°C. Depending on the purity and density zirconia is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, sensors, wear components, refractory cements, thermocouple protection tubes, furnace muffles, liners and high temperature heating element supports.
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Other
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Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary refractory or clay material.
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Search Logic:
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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Cement Bond & Set Type
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Your choices are...
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None (Aggregate / Additive)
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Refractory aggregates or fillers may not contain a secondary binder. Aggregate or fillers are added to cements or ceramic adhesives to modify the properties of the refractory.
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Calcium Aluminate
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories that use a calcium aluminate bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Calcium Silicate
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Calcium silicate (CaSio3) refractories are usually derived from calcium silicate, calcium or silicate bearing minerals such hornblende, epidote, and diopside, often with calcite or dolomite or wollastonite. Wollastonite is a naturally occurring form of calcium silicate commonly used as a filler. Portland cements are also based on calcium silicate.
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Inorganic
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories that use an inorganic bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Phosphate
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories that use a phosphate bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Silicate
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories that use a silicate bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Sulfur / Sulfate
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories, cements or adhesives that use a sulfur, sulfate or oxysulfate bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Chemical Set
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories that use a chemically set bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Hydraulic Set
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories that use a hydraulically set bond between individual grains or aggregates. The addition of water triggers the reaction. Sulfate and cement bonds are often hydraulically set.
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Thermal Set
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Polycrystalline ceramics or aggregate based refractories that use a thermally set or heat activated bond between individual grains or aggregates.
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Organic - Polymer / Carbon
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Organic or polymer resin binders hold refractories together until firing. Some resins are designed to burn out while other will convert to carbon.
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Other
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Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary bond type.
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Search Logic:
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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Maximum Use Temperature:
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The maximum temperature that the refractory or ceramic material can be exposed to momentarily without the degradation of structural or other required end-use properties.
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Search Logic:
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All matching products will have a value greater than or equal to the specified value.
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MOR / Flexural Strength:
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Modulus of rupture (MOR), cross-break strength or flexural strength (3-point or 4-point) is the maximum flexural stress a bar can withstand before failure or fracture occurs. Two points underneath the bar support the bar and one or two points above the bar apply the load. Cross break strength is used to evaluate the strength of ceramics or other materials that do not provide sufficient plastic deformation to reliably tensile test.
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Search Logic:
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Density:
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Density is the mass per unit area for a material. The fired density is dependent on the theoretical density of 100% dense body and the actual porosity retained after processing.
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Search Logic:
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Shrinkage:
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The maximum percent of linear shrinkage occuring after drying, setting and/or firing.
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Search Logic:
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
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Material Features:
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Your choices are...
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Acid
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Refractories composed of high free silica content materials that when heated can react chemically with basic refractories, slags, and fluxes.
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Basic / Alkaline
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Refractories composed of alkaline materials such as magnesia, lime, chrome ore or mixtures of two or more of which can react chemically with acid refractories, slags and fluxes when heated.
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Neutral
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Neutral cements or refractories are neither acidic nor basic. Neutral cements should not react with either basic or acidic refractories. Carbon, chrome or mullite based cements are neutral refractories.
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Composite / Hybrid
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Composite materials consist of a matrix material reinforced with a stronger or higher modulus second phase. The second phase may be in the form of particulates, chopped fibers or continuous fibers. The matrix may consist of a ceramic (CRC, ceramic matrix composite), a metal (MMC or metal matrix composite) or a polymer material. Ceramic or glass fibers are commonly utilized as the reinforcement due to their high strength and/or modulus.
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Corrosion Protection / Flooring
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Cement material designed or suited for corrosive environment applications such as in floors or walls of chemical process plants.
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Fiber Reinforced
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Reinforcement of the cement or refractory structure with fibers, chopped wires of metal or other materials.
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Electrical Insulator
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Ceramics with intrinsically low electrical conductivity. Internal porosity will also lower bulk electrical conductivity.
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Low Cement / Binder Content
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Refractory product consisting of low cement binder and high aggregate content.
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Porous
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Porous ceramics have a large degree of open or closed internal pores that provide a thermal barrier. Certain ceramics have intrinsically low thermal conductivity even in dense forms.
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Other
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Search Logic:
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All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.
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fire clay,
cement,
calcium silicate,
castable refractory,
refractory material,
refractory mortar,
cement backer board,
rams,
heat resistant,
ceramic adhesive,
high temperature coating,
refractory concrete,
fire resistant coating,
castable ceramic,
castable,
refractory castable,
thornel carbon fiber,
wear resistance,
relative refractory period,
refractory coating
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