Ceramics consist of oxides, carbides, nitrides and other non-metals with high melting points. Ceramics are suitable for applications requiring wear resistance, thermal stability, and electrical resistivity.
Composite materials consist of a resin (suitable for molding) and a matrix (typically fibers or textile material) which serves to enhance strength, alter electrical or magnetic properties, or enhance wear resistance.
Metals are opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous substances that are good conductors of heat and electricity. They form cations by the loss of electrons and yield basic oxides and hydroxides. Metals that are used in structural engineering applications have a high toughness that is a combination of high strength and ductility.
Paper or paperboard products are produced from a pulp of cellulose, cotton, wood, or other vegetable fibers. The pulp is laid down on a fine screen from a water suspension to form sheets that are dried and further processed.
Plastics are organic, synthetic, or processed materials that are mostly thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight. They can be made into objects, films or filaments.
Substances are adhesives or sealants with a high viscosity or gel-like consistency. Typically, these materials have the ability to work with porous surfaces.
Rubber and elastomers are characterized by a high degree of flexibility and elasticity (high reversible elongation). Natural or synthetic rubber is vulcanized to increase useful properties such as toughness and resistance to wear for use in tires, electrical insulation, and waterproof materials.
Vulcanization is a chemical treatment that adds sulfur and heat to crosslink the rubber. Natural rubber is an elastic substance that is obtained by coagulating the milky juice of any of various tropical plants. Essentially, natural rubber is a polymer of isoprene, and is prepared as sheets and then dried. Synthetic rubbers or elastomers can be based on a variety of systems such as silicone, polyurethane or neoprene.
Substances are adhesives or sealants suitable for coating, filling, sizing, or sealing non-woven or woven textiles. Sizing adhesives or resins are used to fill paper, textile webs, and other fibrous products.
Wood is a natural composite extracted from the stems, branches, and roots of trees. It is a hard, fibrous substance that consists of xylem, cellulose fibers in an amorphous, lignin polymer matrix. Lignin is a biogenetic cross linked polymer which bonds together adjacent cell walls into a straw or wood tissue composite.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide (C6H10O5)x of glucose units that constitutes the chief part of the cell walls of plants. It occurs naturally in fibrous products such as cotton and kapok, and is the raw material of many manufactured goods as paper, rayon, and cellophane.
Other unlisted, specialty, or proprietary substrates.
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Products are designed for aerospace applications. For example, they can be used to bond composite structures to other composite or metallic frame components.
Products are designed for use in electronics applications. For example, they can be used in potting or encapsulating compounds, conductive adhesives, and dielectric sealants.
Products are resins, compounds, and plastic composites that are suitable for electrical power or high voltage (HV) applications such as generator or motor assemblies, coil or transformer manufacturing, and switch or circuit breaker insulation.
Products are suitable for medical or food-contact applications. Typically, they they comply with requirements from regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Science Foundation (NSF), 3A-Dairy, Canada AG, or USP Class VI.
Products are designed for use by construction contractors and in maintenance, repair, and operation (MRO) applications. Construction materials include wood, wood products, glass, cement products (mortar, concrete, masonry), plaster board, metal trim, flooring tile, sub-floor or underlayment, plaster board, sheet metal roofing or flash, metal ties, insulation materials (fiberglass, foam), and bitumen-based roofing materials.
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Reactive resins are single-component adhesives that are applied in the same way as hot-melt adhesives. The resins react with moisture to crosslink and polymerize, thus resulting in a cured material. Polyurethane reactives (PUR) are examples of this type of technology. Certain silicones and cyanoacrylates also use a reaction with moisture or water to cure the adhesive or sealant.
UV or radiation cured adhesives use ultraviolet light, visible light, or electron beam (EB) irradiation to initiate curing, which forms a permanent bond without heating or excessive heat generation. One disadvantage of UV curing adhesives is the requirement that one substrate is UV transparent. Some UV resin systems employ a secondary curing mechanism to complete curing of adhesive regions shielded from the UV light. EB curable adhesives use electron beam radiation to cure or initiate curing. The electron beam can penetrate through material that is opaque to UV light.
Room temperature curing or vulcanizing products are polymer resins or compounds that either cure or vulcanize at room temperature. Vulcanization is a thermosetting reaction involving the use of heat and/or pressure in conjunction with a vulcanizing agent. It results in greatly increased strength, stability, and elasticity in rubber-like materials. The vulcanizing agent is a crosslinking compound or catalyst. Silicones use moisture, acetic acid, and other compounds as curing or vulcanizing agents.
Single component adhesives or sealant systems consist of one resin that hardens by reaction with surface moisture, a surface applied activator-primer, or through the application of heat.
Two or multi-component adhesive or sealant systems consist of two or more resins or a resin and a hardener, crosslinker, activator or catalyst that, when combined, react and cure into a polymerized compound or bond. Two component systems are mixed and then applied.
Other unlisted, specialty, proprietary technologies or cure types.
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Anti-static materials have relatively high electrical conductivity or low electrical resistivity. They are used in electronic, anti-static or electrostatic discharge (ESD) applications.
Resins or compounds with a high degree of electrical conductivity (low resistivity) are used in applications such as anti-static or ESD control, EMI / RFI shielding, thick-film metallization, and device and board-level electrical interconnection.
Dielectric compounds and electrical insulation materials form a barrier or isolator between electrical or electronic components. The voltage potential between the conductor and conductive components influence material selection, based on the dielectric strength to reduce shorting. Dielectric constant and loss tangent are important parameters in minimizing crosstalk between insulated circuit paths.
Filled compounds consist of adhesives with additional modifiers such as pigments or chopped fiber reinforcements. Typically, filled compounds are ready-to-use.
The material is flame retardant in accordance with industry standards from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL), Flame Class 94, or other ISO standards. Flame-retardant materials are designed to reduce the spread of flame or resist ignition when exposed to high temperatures. They also insulate the substrate and delay damage to it.
Products are designed to provide flexibility or dampening of sound, vibration, or shock in suitable applications. Flexible adhesives or sealants form a layer that can bend or flex without cracking or delaminating.
Threadlocking or threadlocker adhesives bind threads that are subject to transverse and axial loads against vibrational loosening. They reduce production costs and improve reliability by eliminating lock washers and other expensive locking devices. Threadlockers also preserve on-torque and distribute the load over the entire engagement length of a fastener, effectively eliminating premature material fatigue and fastener failure.
The material is approved to or recognized under one or more requirements of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL).
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Viscosity is a measurement of a fluid's resistance to flow. Water is lower in viscosity than motor oil or honey. Oil is lower in viscosity than tar or molasses. Depending on the application method, viscosity determines how well a resin fills the cavities or voids in a mold.
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Use temperature is the range of temperatures to which products can be exposed without the degradation of structural or other required end-use properties.
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Thermal conductivity is the linear heat transfer per unit area through a material for a given applied temperature gradient. Heat flux (h) = [thermal conductivity (k) ] x [temperature gradient (Δ T)]
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Tensile strength at break is the maximum amount of stress required to break the material under tension-loading test conditions, or to cause failure. Typically, tensile tests are performed according to test procedure standards such as ASTM D-638 or ISO 527-1, ASTM D-1708, ASTM D-2289 (plastics at high strain rates), and ASTM D-882 (thin plastic sheets), as well as other OEM proprietary standards.
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The dielectric constant is the relative permittivity of a material compared to a vacuum or free space. As an equation, it is expressed as k = εr = ε/ εo= where ε is the absolute permittivity of the material and εo is the absolute permittivity of a vacuum 8.85 x 10-12 F/m.
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