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About Elastomers and Rubber Materials
Elastomers and rubber materials are characterized by their high degree of flexibility and elasticity. They are based on a variety of chemical systems. Examples include acrylics and polyacrylates; butyl, polybutene and polyisobutylene polymers; ethylene copolymers; fluropolymers such as polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE); silicone, polyurethane, and polyether block amide (PEBA); styrene butadiene rubber (SBR); and vinyl and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Elastomers and rubber materials often contain filler materials such as powders or fibers to provide improved strength and/or stiffness. Fibers can be either chopped or wound, and commonly include glass, fiberglass, or cloth. Some elastomers and rubber materials contain solid lubricant fillers such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide. Others contain aramid fibers, metal powders, or inorganic fillers with ceramics and silicates.
Many types of elastomers and rubber materials are available. Thermoset plastics and thermoset resins are crosslinked polymers that are cured with heat or heat and pressure. Thermoplastics can be softened repeatedly by heat and then hardened or set by cooling. Filled or reinforced products consist of resins and additional modifiers such as pigments, plasticizers, or chopped fibers. By contrast, unfilled resins, base polymers, and raw materials do not contain additives. Typically, raw materials are available as pellets, powders, granules, or liquids. Stock shapes such as bars, sheets, and film are also available. Molding compounds are designed for processes such as reaction injection molding (RIM) and resin transfer molding (RTM). Composite materials consist of a matrix and a dispersed, fibrous or continuous second phase. Casting resins include a catalyst or hardener. Electrical resins and electronic-grade polymers and elastomers are used in potting or encapsulating compounds, conductive adhesives, and dielectric sealants. Specialized elastomers and rubber materials are used in optical and photonics applications and in mold and tooling fabrication. Monomers and intermediates are commonly available.
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