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Ferrous Metals and Iron Alloys

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About Ferrous Metals and Iron Alloys

Ferrous metals and alloys are iron-based materials that are used in a wide variety of industrial applications. Examples include carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, tool steels, cast iron, cast steel, maraging steel, and specialty or proprietary iron-based alloys. Many materials meet the compositional standards of the Unified Numbering System (UNS), a specification established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), and metal trade associations such as the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Aluminum Association (AA). The UNS assigns metals and alloys a lettered prefix and a five-digit number. For example, carbon steels and alloy steels belong to the UNS G category and have designations such as UNS G10950. AISI-SAE is another common specification for ferrous metals and alloys. Other standards include casting grades, European Norm (EN), and U.S. military specifications (MIL-SPEC). QQ and QQS prefixes are used to designate specific MIL-SPEC metals.  

There are many types of ferrous metals and alloys. Carbon steels are ferrous alloys that contain carbon and small levels of other alloying elements such as manganese or aluminum. Alloy steels contain low to high levels of elements such as chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and nickel. Stainless steels are highly corrosion resistant, ferrous alloys that contain chromium and/or nickel additions. There are three basic types of products: austenitic stainless steels, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels, and specialty stainless steels and iron superalloys. Tool steels are wear resistant, but difficult to fabricate in their hardened form. Specific grades are available for cold-working, hot-working, and high speed applications. Cast iron is a ferrous alloy with high amounts of carbon. This category includes ductile iron, gray iron and white cast iron grades. Cast steel alloy grades are made by pouring molten iron into a mold. AISI-SAE H-steels are produced to specified hardenability bands. UNS D steels have specified mechanical properties. High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels, iron-based superalloys, metal matrix composites, pure alloys, and clad or bimetal materials are also available.

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Products & Services Related to Ferrous Metals and Iron Alloys

Carbon Steels and Alloy Steels
Carbon steels and alloy steels are ferrous alloys that contain carbon and other alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel.
Copper, Brass and Bronze Alloys
Copper, brass and bronze alloys are non-ferrous metals with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity as well as good corrosion resistance, ductility and strength.
Metal Foils and Foil Stock
Metal foils and foil stock are very thin, metal-mill products with a thickness that is usually less than 0.006 in.
Refractory and Reactive Metals
Reactive and refractory metals include tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, chromium, hafnium, zirconium, and titanium. Reactive metals oxide rapidly and form a stable oxide. Refractory metals and alloys have melting points above ~ 1750° C (~ 3200 F°).
Stainless Steel Alloys
Stainless steel alloys are austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation hardened (PH), and duplex metal materials that are available in a wide variety of grades, shapes, and sizes.
Titanium and Titanium Alloys
Titanium and titanium alloys are non-ferrous metals with excellent corrosion resistance, fatigue properties, and a high strength-to-weight ratio.
Zinc and Zinc Alloys
Zinc and zinc alloys are non-ferrous alloys that are used widely in the production of die cast components.

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  • Rust Preventative Coatings
    Rust preventative coatings are designed to minimize rust or iron alloy corrosion when applied directly to ferrous metal such as carbon or alloy steels. They protect against rust by preventing moisture...
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Engineering Web: Ferrous Metals and Iron Alloys

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