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About Carbon Steels and Alloy Steels
Carbon steels and alloy steels are ferrous alloys that contain carbon and other alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel. They are used in a wide variety of industrial applications. Many materials meet the compositional standards of the Unified Numbering System (UNS), a specification established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), and metal trade associations such as the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Aluminum Association (AA). The UNS assigns metals and alloys a lettered prefix and a five-digit number. For example, carbon steels and alloy steels belong to the UNS G category and have designations such as UNS G10950. AISI-SAE is another common specification. Other standards include European Norm (EN) and U.S. military specifications (MIL-SPEC). QQ and QQS prefixes are used to designate specific MIL-SPEC metals.
Carbon steels and alloy steels vary in terms of alloying elements, strength, and durability. Plain carbon steels include both soft, non-hardenable, low carbon products and hardenable, high carbon steels. Most low carbon or mild steels can be fabricated by machining, forming, casting, and welding. Typically, carbon steels contain manganese or aluminum as alloying elements. By contrast, alloy steels contain chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and nickel. Like plain carbon steels, alloy steels are based on iron and contain significant amounts of carbon. Common alloy steels include hardenable high alloy steels, high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels, maraging steels and specialty steel alloys. Commercially pure, unalloyed or very low alloy metals are free of or contain very small amounts of alloying elements such as copper, commercially pure titanium or palladium-modified titanium, or pure aluminum grades from the AA 10nn Series (e.g., AA 1000 to 1999).
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Engineering Web: Carbon Steels and Alloy Steels
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SAE Standards Works Carbon and Alloy Steels Committee Committee See SAE International Information |
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Carbon Steel, Carbon - All Metals & Forge Carbon Steels Carbon Steel is a malleable, iron-based metal See All Metals & Forge Profile & Catalog |
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Carbon Steels Carbon Steels Carbon has a dual effect in hardenable alloy steels. See Timken Company (The) Information |
