Refrigerants, antifreezes and cooling liquids include primary refrigerants, secondary refrigerants, and antifreeze additives. A primary refrigerant uses a thermodynamic or adiabatic process (evaporation-condensation cycles) to remove heat and cool a region. A secondary refrigerant, such as antifreeze liquids, provides cooling solely through heat transfer. Antifreeze additives also prevent water-based cooling systems from freezing. Refrigerants, antifreezes, and cooling liquids include refrigerants and refrigeration fluids that are based on halogenated (fluorinated and/or chlorinated) hydrocarbons fluids. They also include glycol-based antifreezes.
Refrigerants, antifreezes, and cooling liquids are used in a wide variety of applications, including automotive, marine, and aerospace applications to cool combustion engines or processing equipment such as gears and drives, pistons, and compressors. Refrigerants, antifreezes, and cooling liquids include compounds that use a thermodynamic process - changing phase between a liquid and a gas - such as anhydrous ammonia or sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide is toxic, and has been rapidly replaced as a refrigerant by Freon. Antifreeze is a solution of glycol-based chemicals in water and can withstand temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
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